The CD40–CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and
adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of …

Background: The evolution of the Green movement in western society has changed attitudes
in the general population who now perceive natural compounds as being inherently …

Context: Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenol antioxidant with various therapeutic activities.
However, the efficacy of EA has not been examined in neuropathologic conditions …

Abstract Purpose Oligodendrocytes (OLGs) damage and myelin distraction is considered as
a critical step in many neurological disorders especially multiple sclerosis (MS). Cuprizone …

The predominance of the effector mechanisms by CD4+ T cells is a characteristic of
inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD40/CD40L …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is a disease that degenerates myelin in central nervous system
(CNS). Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are toxic metabolites, and accumulating data …

Aside from the established immune-mediated etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), compelling
evidence implicates platelets as important players in disease pathogenesis. Specifically …

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in B cells, and B cells are important in the
pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. However, the intrinsic effect of TLR9 in …

Background and Purpose: Some functional limitations and economic burden of therapeutic
antibodies indicated that introducing of alternative therapeutic compounds with same or …

Beyond the encouraging results and broad clinical applicability of immune checkpoint (ICP)
inhibitors in cancer therapy, ICP-based immunotherapies in the context of autoimmune …