Ten years since the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab was approved for advanced
melanoma, it is time to reflect on the lessons learned regarding modulation of the immune …

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers,
weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby …

Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from
transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is …

Despite the development of targeted therapy, drug resistance remains a primary hindrance
to curative treatment of various cancers. Among several novel approaches to overcome drug …

JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the
myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors …

Melanoma, a cancer of the skin, arises from transformed melanocytes. Melanoma has the
highest mutational burden of any cancer partially attributed to UV induced DNA damage …

Tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the tumor microenvironment
(TME). Recently, several studies indicate that modulating TME can enhance cancer …

Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is gaining momentum and
demonstrating durable responses in patients with advanced melanoma. Although …

Regulatory T cells (Treg), as members of CD4+ T cells, have garnered extensive attention in
the research of tumor progression. Treg cells have the function of inhibiting the immune …

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is an insidious and highly metastatic malignancy, with a 5-year
survival rate of less than 5%. So far, the pathogenesis and progression mechanisms of …