While avian chronic haemoparasite infections induce reproductive costs, infection has not
previously been shown to affect survival. Here, we experimentally reduced, through …

1. We have used molecular methods to unravel a remarkable diversity of parasite lineages
in a long-term population study of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus that was …

In order to explain the huge variation in parental behaviour, evolutionary biologists have
traditionally used a cost–benefit approach, which enables them to analyse behavioural traits …

1. In recent years there has been much interest in physiological trade-offs involving host
immune function and parasite defence, with the suggestion that they could play a pivotal role …

Summary 1 Elevational gradients create environmental variation that is hypothesized to
promote variation in life‐history strategies. We tested whether differences in life‐history …

Chronic, low‐intensity parasite infections can reduce host fitness through negative impacts
on reproduction and survival, even if they produce few overt symptoms. As a result, these …

Altricial birds are unable to maintain body temperature when exposed to low ambient
temperatures during the first days after hatching. Thermoregulatory capacity begins to form …

Introduction Life-history theory predicts that organisms trade off survival against
reproduction. However, the time scales on which various consequences become evident …

The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o.
occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range …

Theoretical studies predict that parasitic infection may impact host longevity and ultimately
modify the trade-off between reproduction and survival. Indeed, a host may adjust its energy …