Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based
products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits …

Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic
organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable …

Abstract The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide
evidence-informed advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The …

The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-
zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green …

Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid that exhibits several health benefits.
Epidemiological data support a correlation between lycopene intake and the attenuation of …

Background Carotenoids are C-30 or C-40 based pigments with antioxidant/anti-
inflammatory properties, some possessing vitamin A activity. Their dietary intake, especially …

There has been renewed interest in vitamin D since numerous recent studies have
suggested that besides its well-established roles in bone metabolism and immunity, vitamin …

Retinoids are required for maintaining many essential physiological processes in the body,
including normal growth and development, normal vision, a healthy immune system, normal …

Retinoids (ie, vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid, and related signaling molecules) induce the
differentiation of various types of stem cells. Nuclear retinoic acid receptors mediate most but …

Carotenoid dietary intake and their endogenous levels have been associated with a
decreased risk of several chronic diseases. There are indications that carotenoid …