Members in ensemble forecasts differ due to the representations of initial uncertainties and
model uncertainties. The inclusion of stochastic schemes to represent model uncertainties …

In this paper, we describe the PALM model system 6.0. PALM (formerly an abbreviation for
Parallelized Large-eddy Simulation Model and now an independent name) is a Fortran …

Over the last 50 years the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique has developed into one of
the most prominent numerical tools used to study transport processes in the atmospheric …

Understanding the flow in urban environments is an increasingly relevant problem due to its
significant impact on air quality and thermal effects in cities worldwide. In this review we …

Computational fluid dynamics, commonly known by the acronym 'CFD', continues to have
significant expansion. There are many software packages available that solve fluid flow …

Over the last 100 years, boundary layer meteorology grew from the subject of mostly near-
surface observations to a field encompassing diverse atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) …

Six recent Langmuir turbulence parameterization schemes and five traditional schemes are
implemented in a common single‐column modeling framework and consistently compared …

The aim of the research project “Innovative Strategies for Observations in the Arctic
Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ISOBAR)” is to substantially increase the understanding of the …

The magnitude of wake interactions between individual wind turbines depends on the
atmospheric stability. We investigate strategies for wake loss mitigation through the use of …

The development and assessment of subgrid-scale (SGS) models for large-eddy simulations
of the atmospheric boundary layer is an active research area. In this study, we compare the …