Questions of how altered functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
contribute to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …

The developing brains of young children are highly sensitive to input from their social
environment. Nurturing social experience during this time promotes the acquisition of social …

Behaviors, traits and characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring because of
complex genetic and non-genetic processes. We review genetic and non-genetic …

A significant proportion of the global burden of disease can be attributed to mental illness.
Despite important advances in identifying risk factors for mental health conditions, the …

The glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) is a critical component of the stress response
system. Cytosine methylation of NR3C1 has been repeatedly associated with trauma and …

Objectives: Multiple, chronic and repeated trauma exposure in childhood is associated with
adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood. In this paper we synthesise the literature on …

MRI has enhanced our capacity to understand variations in brain structure and function
conferred by the genome. We identified 60 studies that report associations between DNA …

Early life stress in humans (ie maltreatment, violence exposure, loss of a loved one) and in
rodents (ie disrupted attachment or nesting, electric shock, restraint, predator odor) occurs …

Involvement of life stress in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) has been evinced in
longitudinal cohort epidemiological studies, and endocrinologic evidence suggests …

Most people will experience a traumatic event within their lifetime. One commonly
recognized response to trauma exposure is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The …