Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that becomes elevated in chronic
inflammatory states such as hypertension and diabetes and has been found to mediate both …

The protean properties of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), vasoactivity,
mitogenicity, and modulation of transport in key nephron segments, serve as the basis for …

A recent genome-wide association study identified a locus on chromosome 16 in the
promoter region of the uromodulin (UMOD) gene that is associated with hypertension. Here …

Epithelial transport is a multifaceted process crucial for maintaining normal physiological
functions in the human body. This comprehensive review delves into the pathophysiological …

Most physical illness in vertebrates involves inflammation. Inflammation causes disease by
fluid shifts across cell membranes and cell layers, changes in muscle function and …

The effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) production were
determined in freshly isolated tubules from the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL). ANG …

Acute endotoxemia in rats induces down-regulation of V2 vasopressin receptors and
aquaporin-2 content in the kidney medulla. Background Endotoxemia can lead to fluid …

The prostaglandin G2/H2 synthase (cyclooxygenase, COX) is a key regulatory enzyme of
prostanoid synthesis pathway. The message-encoding COX isoenzymes (constitutive COX …

Partially euryhaline elasmobranchs may tolerate physiologically challenging, variable
salinity conditions in estuaries as a trade-off to reduce predation risk or to gain access to …

Background Despite advances in supportive care, sepsis-related mortality remains high,
especially in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Erythropoietin can protect organs …