This literature review presents the History, Technology, and Applications of Natural Dialog
Systems or simply chatbots. It aims to organize critical information that is a necessary …

Chatbots are intelligent conversational agents that can interact with users through natural
languages. As chatbots can perform a variety of tasks, many companies have committed …

Spurred by advancements in scale, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the
ability to perform a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks zero-shot--ie, without …

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the field of
Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have recently gained significant attention in the …

As a primary means of information acquisition, information retrieval (IR) systems, such as
search engines, have integrated themselves into our daily lives. These systems also serve …

The use of chatbots evolved rapidly in numerous fields in recent years, including Marketing,
Supporting Systems, Education, Health Care, Cultural Heritage, and Entertainment. In this …

Dialogue systems are a popular natural language processing (NLP) task as it is promising in
real-life applications. It is also a complicated task since many NLP tasks deserving study are …

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) aim to recommend high-quality items to users
through interactive conversations. Although several efforts have been made for CRS, two …

The use of deep pre-trained bidirectional transformers has led to remarkable progress in a
number of applications (Devlin et al., 2018). For tasks that make pairwise comparisons …

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing area of study that stretching its presence to many
business and research domains. Machine learning, deep learning, and natural language …