Developing an understanding of the mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels in molecular
terms requires knowledge of the structure of the active and resting conformations. Although …

Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) is an electrostimulation technique first developed
in 1995; nsPEF requires the delivery of a series of pulses of high electric fields in the order of …

© 2013 Hoshi and Armstrong This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–
Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the …

Potassium channels are involved in a tremendously diverse range of physiological
applications requiring distinctly different functional properties. Not surprisingly, the amino …

This study addresses the energetic coupling between the activation and slow inactivation
gates of Shaker potassium channels. To track the status of the activation gate in inactivated …

The selectivity filter of K+ channels contains four ion binding sites (S1–S4) and serves dual
functions of discriminating K+ from Na+ and acting as a gate during C-type inactivation. C …

The mechanism of intracellular blockade of the KcsA potassium channel by
tetrabutylammonium (TBA) is investigated through functional, structural and computational …

Signal transduction across biological membranes is central to life. This process generally
happens through communication between different domains and hierarchical coupling of …

The AmtB channel passively allows the transport of NH4+ across the membranes of bacteria
via a “gas” NH3 intermediate and is related by homology (sequentially, structurally, and …

Potassium channels switch between closed and open conformations and selectively
conduct K+ ions. There are at least two gates. The TM2 bundle at the intracellular site is the …