Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

Redox reactions play important roles in almost all biological processes, including
photosynthesis and respiration, which are two essential energy processes that sustain all life …

Through incremental change, Nature reworks and repurposes its functional machinery. In
this way, proteins that photochemically repair DNA by moving protons and electrons have a …

One of the hallmark advances in our understanding of metalloprotein function is showcased
in our ability to design new, non-native, catalytically active protein scaffolds. This review …

Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a small soluble heme protein characterized by a relatively flexible
structure, particularly in the ferric form, such that it is able to sample a broad conformational …

We have surveyed proteins with known atomic structure whose function involves electron
transfer; in these, electrons can travel up to 14 Å between redox centres through the protein …

The crystal structure of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase at 2.8 Å resolution with an R
value of 19.9 percent reveals 13 subunits, each different from the other, five phosphatidyl …

Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. About 85% of our energy comes from
fossil fuels, a finite resource unevenly distributed beneath the Earth's surface. Reserves of …

Redox-active self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) provide an excellent platform for
investigating electron transfer kinetics. Using a well-defined bridge, a redox center can be …

Enzyme reactions that involve strong coupling between proton and electron transfer are of
fundamental importance in biology. This is particularly evident in the reactions of primary …