Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth,
development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce
plant growth, productivity and quality. Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these …

Each year, abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold and particularly their
different combinations, inflict a heavy toll on crop productivity worldwide. The effects of these …

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and
multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate plant growth and development. ROS are kept at
low levels in cells to prevent oxidative damage, allowing them to be effective signaling …

The continuing rise in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration causes stomatal
closing, thus critically affecting transpirational water loss, photosynthesis, and plant growth …

Global climate change is predicted to result in increased yield losses of agricultural crops
caused by environmental conditions. In particular, heat and drought stress are major factors …

When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high
temperature, or shade, good communication between above-and belowground organs is …

The hormonal and environmental regulation of stomatal aperture is mediated by a complex
signaling pathway found within the guard cells that surround stomata. Abscisic acid (ABA) …