The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Stroke induces a plastic state in the brain. This period of enhanced plasticity leads to the
sprouting of new axons, the formation of new synapses and the remapping of sensory-motor …

Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability, and the recovery of motor function after
stroke is crucial for the patient to regain independence. However, making accurate …

Background A substantial number of clinical studies have demonstrated the functional
recovery induced by the use of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in patients after …

Stroke has long been regarded as focal disease with circumscribed damage leading to
neurological deficits. However, advances in methods for assessing the human brain and in …

Following a stroke, the resulting lesion creates contralateral motor impairment and an
interhemispheric imbalance involving hyperexcitability of the contralesional hemisphere …

An account of the neurobiology of motor recovery in the arm and hand after stroke by two
experts in the field. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults and recovery is often …

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate cortical
excitability, and may be beneficial for motor recovery after stroke. However, the …

Key points Activation of the shoulder abductor muscles in the arm opposite a unilateral brain
injury causes involuntary increases in elbow, wrist and finger flexion in the same arm, a …

BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in acute stroke therapies and rehabilitation
strategies, many stroke patients are left with long-term upper limb motor impairment. We …