Background Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-
1), anti-PD-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a newly developed component of cancer care that
expands the treatment possibilities for patients. Their use has been associated with several …

Importance Currently, there is no established second-line systemic treatment for biliary tract
cancer (BTC). Preclinical data have demonstrated that the presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8 …

Background Rheumatic and musculoskeletal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are
observed in about 10% of patients with cancer receiving checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Given …

A drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction (DISR) is a systemic granulomatous reaction that is
indistinguishable from sarcoidosis and occurs in a temporal relationship with initiation of an …

Antineoplastic agents that use the immune system have revolutionized cancer treatment.
Specifically, implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that …

Background Immune checkpoint therapy has dramatically changed the landscape of cancer
therapy, providing an efficacious and durable therapeutic option for patients with advanced …

Background Programmed death receptor-1 blocking antibodies (anti-PD1) are a new
standard of care in many cancer types. Patients benefit from improved survival but have the …

Aim Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease. This condition has a documented
association with the diagnosis of melanoma and can be induced in melanoma patients …

The advent of novel, innovative, and effective anti-cancer immunotherapies has engendered
an era of renewed optimism among cancer specialists and their patients. Foremost among …