The global distribution of Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein variants (PvCSP),
VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like, plays a crucial role in malaria transmission and vaccine …

Analysis of genetic diversity is an important tool for evaluating Plasmodium vivax drug
resistance, relapse patterns, and vaccine development. P. vivax circumsporozoite protein …

Plasmodium vivax-induced malaria is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
in sub-tropical and tropical regions and infect 2.85 billion people globally. The continual rise …

Background Circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) of malaria parasites has been
recognized as one of the leading vaccine candidates. Clinical trials of vaccines for vivax …

Malaria is a fatal disease caused by plasmodium parasites and is transmitted through
female anopheles mosquitoes. These parasites dwell on human erythrocytes for most of …

High levels of genetic variants of Plasmodium vivax have previously been reported in
Thailand. Circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein (MSP), and …

Plasmodium vivax (Pv) accounts for over 50% of malaria cases in Latin America and Asia.
Despite a significant reduction in Pv transmission in Thailand, the parasite remains endemic …

Plasmodium vivax malaria cases remain high along the Thai-Myanmar and Thai-Cambodia
borders. Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and Plasmodium vivax …

Introduction: Malaria is responsible for about 500 million cases and one million deaths
annually. A disease of high burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with challenges of resource deficit …

Background Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but
limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared …