Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles naturally released from cells that are delimited by a
lipid bilayer and are unable to replicate. How the EVs cross the Blood–Brain barrier (BBB) in …

Over the past decade, droplet microfluidics has attracted growing interest in biology,
medicine, and engineering. In this feature article, we review the advances in droplet …

Cancer, one of the most dangerous diseases with a high mortality rate, has attracted much
attention and interest. Advances in tissue engineering and microfluidics have led to the …

Although metastatic melanoma can be managed with chemotherapy, its heterogeneity and
resistance to therapy remain poorly understood. In addition to the spread of melanoma in the …

Although some tumor has become a curable disease for many patients, involvement of the
central nervous system (CNS) is still a major concern. The blood–brain barrier (BBB), a …

The establishment of in vitro models of the BBB is significant for the evaluation of the
mechanism and permeability of drugs and their sustained-release formulations across the …

Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are commonly employed to investigate
biophysical and biochemical cellular responses. However, these culture methods, having …

Drug discovery is an expensive and lengthy process. Among the different phases, drug
discovery and preclinical trials play an important role as only 5–10 of all drugs that begin …

Drug delivery to the brain is crucial in the treatment for central nervous system disorders.
While significant progress has been made in recent years, there are still major challenges in …

Microfluidics, the science and technology of manipulating fluids in microscale channels,
offers numerous advantages, such as low energy consumption, compact device size …