Platinum resistant ovarian cancer, usually defined as progression occurring within 6 months
after completing platinum-based therapy, is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis …

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer and its
incidence is rising due to increasing obesity rates. We are also seeing an increasing trend of …

Purpose: The microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is
highly immunosuppressive. HNSCCs expressing elevated levels of PD-L1 have especially …

As a classical immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells plays a
pivotal role in tumor immunosuppression, primarily by inhibiting the antitumor activities of T …

Background Blocking the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1
(PD-L1) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very promising approach in …

Despite its revolutionary success in hematological malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor
T (CAR‐T) cell therapy faces disappointing clinical results in solid tumors. The poor efficacy …

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carries a high potential for metastasis and immune
escape, with a great risk of relapse after primary treatment. Through analysis of whole …

While ovarian cancer typically responds well to front line treatment, many patients will
relapse within 5 years. Treatment options are less effective at each recurrence highlighting …

Recent findings in the immunology field have pointed out the emergent role of butyrophilins/
butyrophilin-like molecules (BTN/BTNL in human, Btn/Btnl in mouse) in the modulation of γδ …

Background: Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells represents a
powerful immune evasion pathway, but the role of intracellular or cytoplasmic PD-L1 has not …