Pollinator nutrition is a highly complex subject that we are just starting to unravel, from the
multidimensional nature of bee forage (pollen and nectar) to how the abiotic environment …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Within-species variation in traits such as petal size or colour often provides reliable
information to pollinators about the rewards offered to them by flowers. In spite of potential …

Nectar-foraging bees frequently face the choice of which flowers to visit and which to avoid.
One possible mechanism by which bees could discriminate between flowers before visiting …

Female mosquitoes exploit olfactory, CO2, visual, and thermal cues to locate vertebrate
hosts. Male and female mosquitoes also consume floral nectar that provides essential …

Mechanisms of spatial attention are used when the amount of gathered information exceeds
processing capacity. Such mechanisms have been proposed in bees, but have not yet been …

The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and other filth flies frequently visit
pollen-rich composite flowers such as the Oxeye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. In …

Flowers exhibit great intra-specific variation in the rewards they offer. At any one time, a
significant proportion of flowers often contain little or no reward. Hence, foraging profitably …

The bottom-up effects of plant food quality and quantity can affect the growth, survival, and
reproduction of herbivores. The larvae of solitary bee pollinators, consumers of nectar and …

Background Over a season, plant condition, amount of ongoing reproduction and biotic and
abiotic environmental factors vary. As flowers age, flower condition and amount of pollen …