Superoxide, O2•−, is formed in all living organisms that come in contact with air, and,
depending upon its biological context, it may act as a signaling agent, a toxic species, or a …

Dissimilatory sulphate reduction is the unifying and defining trait of sulphate-reducing
prokaryotes (SRP). In their predominant habitats, sulphate-rich marine sediments, SRP have …

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are strict anaerobes that are often found in biotopes where
oxic conditions can temporarily exist. The bacteria have developed several defense …

Microbial anaerobes are exposed in the natural environment and in their hosts, even if
transiently, to fluctuating concentrations of oxygen and its derived reactive species, which …

Superoxide anion is among the deleterious reactive oxygen species, towards which all
organisms have specialized detoxifying enzymes. For quite a long time, superoxide …

Energy conservation via the pathway of dissimilatory sulfate reduction is present in a diverse
group of prokaryotes, but is most comprehensively studied in Deltaproteobacteria. In this …

Under anaerobic conditions, the flavodiiron NO-reductase from Escherichia coli
(flavorubredoxin, FlRd) constitutes one of the major protective enzymes against nitric oxide …

The microaerophilic protist Giardia intestinalis is the causative agent of giardiasis, one of the
most common intestinal infectious diseases worldwide. The pathogen lacks not only …

Filifactor alocis, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is now a proposed diagnostic
indicator of periodontal disease. Because the stress response of this bacterium to the …

The membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase (MBH) of Ralstonia eutropha H16 undergoes a
complex maturation process comprising cofactor assembly and incorporation, subunit …