Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

Extracellular purines (adenosine, ADP, and ATP) and pyrimidines (UDP and UTP) are
important signaling molecules that mediate diverse biological effects via cellsurface …

P2X receptors are trimeric ATP-activated ion channels permeable to Na+, K+ and Ca2+. The
seven P2X receptor subtypes are implicated in physiological processes that include …

P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

Pain after nerve damage is an expression of pathological operation of the nervous system,,
one hallmark of which is tactile allodynia—pain hypersensitivity evoked by innocuous …

Mammalian ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2XRs) can be composed of seven
possible subunits, denoted P2X1 to P2X7. Each subunit contains a large ectodomain, two …

In 1929 Drury and Szent-Györgyi published a seminal paper describing the potent actions of
adenine compounds. Some decades later, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was proposed …

Extracellular adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) is a widespread cell-to-cell signaling
molecule in the brain, where it activates cell surface P2X and P2Y receptors. P2X receptors …

ATP acts as a humoral mediator to control cell function extracellularly. The receptors that
mediate the actions of ATP belong to two classes, the metabotropic P2Y receptors and the …

There are seven P2X receptor cDNAs currently known. Six homomeric (P2X1, P2X2, P2X3,
P2X4, P2X5, P2X7) and three heteromeric (P2X2/P2X3, P2X4/P2X6, P2X1/P2X5) P2X …