Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation, risks, and
collateral pathway development of the congenital absence of the internal carotid artery …

Background Horner syndrome in children is rare. The frequency and spectrum of
malignancy as the cause of Horner syndrome in children remains unclear. Also unclear is …

Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is a rare developmental anomaly and is most
frequently asymptomatic, but it may also present as cerebrovascular accidents. The …

Agenesis of the internal carotid artery is a rare, usually asymptomatic congenital anomaly.
Patients may remain asymptomatic because a network of collaterals develops in response to …

Neuroblastoma is the most common neoplasm associated with pediatric Horner syndrome.
The laboratory and imaging evaluation of isolated pediatric Horner syndrome is …

Unilateral agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an extremely rare anomaly.
Diagnosis is often incidental in a radiological examination. Recognition of this anomaly has …

At times in clinical neurology, the identification of a subtle clinical or radiological sign can
lead to prompt diagnosis of a very rare or difficult case. We report on a patient who …

BACKGROUND Although most cases of internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis are clinically
silent due to a well-developed collateral pathway, some cases may develop ischemic …

Unilateral agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an extremely rare anomaly.
Diagnosis is often incidental in a radiological examination. Recognition of this anomaly has …

Discussion We present a child with right congenital lingual hyperplasia, right congenital
Horner syndrome (oculo-sympathetic paresis), and ipsilateral agenesis of the internal …