As the standardization of 5G solidifies, researchers are speculating what 6G will be. The
integration of sensing functionality is emerging as a key feature of the 6G Radio Access …

The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), in which the sensing and
communication share the same frequency band and hardware, has emerged as a key …

This paper introduces a review article on indoor localization techniques and technologies.
The paper starts with current localization systems and summarizes comparisons between …

This paper reviews the state of the art and future trends of indoor Positioning, Localization,
and Navigation (PLAN). It covers the requirements, the main players, sensors, and …

Cellular systems evolved from a dedicated mobile communication system to an almost
omnipresent system with unlimited coverage anywhere and anytime for any device. The …

Location information for events, assets, and individuals, mostly focusing on two dimensions
so far, has triggered a multitude of applications across different verticals, such as consumer …

Recently, various novel scenarios have been studied for indoor localization. The trilateration
is known as a classic theoretical model of geometric-based indoor localization, with uniform …

In recent years, indoor positioning has emerged as a critical function in many end-user
applications; including military, civilian, disaster relief and peacekeeping missions. In …

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an indispensable part of everyday life, enabling a
variety of emerging services and applications. However, the presence of rogue IoT devices …

The growing commercial interest in indoor location-based services (ILBS) has spurred
recent development of many indoor positioning techniques. Due to the absence of Global …