Over the past decade, boldine, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in several plant species
including the Chilean Boldo tree, has garnered attention for its efficacy in rodent models of …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious clinical complication, which could lead to coma
and death if not appropriately managed. There is agreement on the predominant role of …

Betaine is a derivative of the amino acid glycine widely investigated for its hepatoprotective
properties against alcoholism. The protective properties of betaine in different other …

Lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity is a well-characterized adverse effect associated
with this heavy metal. It has been found that Pb exposure is associated with altered …

Cholestasis is a severe clinical complication that severely damages the liver. Kidneys are
also the most affected extrahepatic organs in cholestasis. The pivotal role of oxidative stress …

The blockage of bile flow, cholestasis, could lead to serious clinical outcomes, including
severe liver injury. Accumulation of the cytotoxic molecules, such as bile acids, during …

Cholestasis is a multifaceted clinical complication. Obstructive jaundice induced by bile duct
ligation (BDL) is known as an animal model to investigate cholestasis and its associated …

Manganese (Mn) is a trace element involved in many physiological processes. However,
excessive Mn exposure leads to neurological complications. Although no precise …

Cholemic nephropathy (CN) is a clinical complication associated with cholestasis and
chronic liver diseases. CN could lead to renal failure and the need for kidney transplantation …

Lithium (Li+) is prescribed against a wide range of neurological disorders. Besides its
excellent therapeutic properties, there are several adverse effects associated with Li+. The …