Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become the de facto communication protocol for the
Internet of Things (IoT) and smart wearable devices for its ultra-low energy consumption …

An accurate and reliable Indoor Positioning System (IPS) applicable to most indoor
scenarios has been sought for many years. The number of technologies, techniques, and …

This paper presents an in-depth overview of the Bluetooth 5.1 Direction Finding standard's
potentials, thanks to enhancing the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) firmware. This improvement …

As an emerging technology with exceptional low energy consumption and low-latency data
transmissions, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has gained significant momentum in various …

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is considered the most promising radio technology for high-accuracy
indoor localization because of its many desirable properties, including a sub-decimeter level …

Indoor navigation has attracted commercial developers and researchers in the last few
decades. The development of localization tools, methods and frameworks enables current …

Positioning systems have gained paramount importance for many different productive
sector; however, traditional systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS) have failed to …

Positioning has recently received considerable attention as a key enabler in emerging
applications such as extended reality, unmanned aerial vehicles and smart environments …

Localization using Wi-Fi received signal strength indication (RSSI) signals gives accurate
user position results for indoor localization when the RSSI signals from Wi-Fi access points …

GPS-based navigation technology has been widely used in most of the commercial
navigation applications nowadays. However, its usage in indoor navigation is not as …