Spin electronics is a rapidly expanding field stimulated by a strong synergy between
breakthrough basic research discoveries and industrial applications in the fields of magnetic …

The research and development in the field of magnetoresistive sensors has played an
important role in the last few decades. Here, the authors give an introduction to the …

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect is a very basic phenomenon that occurs in
magnetic materials ranging from nanoparticles over multilayered thin films to permanent …

Magnetic sensors based on tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect exhibit high
sensitivity, small size, and low power consumption. They have gained a lot of attention and …

Lead (II) ion (Pb2+) contamination can be accumulated along the food chain and cause a
serious threat to public health. Plenty of research effort has thus been devoted to the …

We analyzed and organized the reasons why the amorphous wire CMOS IC magneto‐
impedance sensor (MI sensor) has rapidly been mass‐produced as the electronic compass …

Achieving magnetometers with ultrahigh sensitivity at room temperature is an outstanding
problem in physical sciences and engineering. Recently developed non-Hermitian cavity …

Smart living is a trending and connected lifestyle that envisions efficient and sustainable
energy utilization, stable and reliable power supply, intelligent and coordinated …

This review paper explores the most common technologies of vector magnetic field sensors.
Specifically, the AMR, GMR, TMR, GMI, Hall, Fluxgate, Search Coil and SQUID sensors are …

Less than thirty years after the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect was described, GMR
sensors are the preferred choice in many applications demanding the measurement of low …