The binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-
L1) on tumor cells can prevent the immune-killing effect of T cells on tumor cells and …

Among the various immunological and non-immunological tumor-promoting activities of
myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their immunosuppressive capacity remains a …

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor cell PD-L1 (tPD-L1) function in
tumor immune evasion are incompletely understood. We report here that tPD-L1 does not …

The immune system is tasked with identifying malignant cells to eliminate or prevent cancer
spread. This involves a complex orchestration of many immune cell types that together …

The identification and characterization of tumor antigens are central objectives in developing
anti-cancer immunotherapy. Traditionally, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are considered …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma is one of the most treatment-refractory human malignancies,
and despite techniques that have allowed scientists and clinicians to better understand the …

The growth and development of cancer are directly correlated to the suppression of the
immune system. A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy depends on various …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are pathologically activated neutrophils and
monocytes with potent immune suppressive activity. These cells play an important role in …

Unleashing antitumor T cell activity by checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is effective in
cancer patients, but clinical responses are limited. Cytokine signaling through the Janus …

It is obvious that tumor cells have developed a number of strategies to escape immune
surveillance including an altered expression of various immune checkpoints, such as the …