The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes complexes I‑IV, as
well as the electron transporters ubiquinone and cytochrome c. There are two electron …

With respect to structural and functional cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is divided into
HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) …

BACKGROUND: The right ventricle normally operates as a low pressure, high-flow pump
connected to a high-capacitance pulmonary vascular circuit. Morbidity and mortality in …

The second messenger cyclic guanosine 3′ 5′ monophosphate (cGMP) and its
downstream effector protein kinase G (PKG) have been discovered more than 40 years ago …

Right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF) has garnered significant attention in recent years
because of its negative impact on clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension …

Mitochondria represent major sources of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of
the cardiomyocyte. The role of ROS as signaling molecules that mediate different …

Rationale: One of the physiological mechanisms by which the heart adapts to a rise in blood
pressure is by augmenting myocyte stretch-mediated intracellular calcium, with a …

Reactive cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an increase in heart mass in response to
hemodynamic overload. Exercise-induced CH emerges as an adaptive response with …

Mitochondrion is an important organelle present in our cells responsible for meeting energy
requirements. All higher organisms rely on efficient mitochondrial bioenergetic machinery to …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Aconite is a processed product of seminal root of
perennial herbaceous plant Aconitum Carmichaclii Debx. of Ranunculaceae. It has the …