Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and
aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of …

Research efforts addressing spin waves (magnons) in micro-and nanostructured
ferromagnetic materials have increased tremendously in recent years. Corresponding …

Frustration, the presence of competing interactions, is ubiquitous in the physical sciences
and is a source of degeneracy and disorder, which in turn gives rise to new and interesting …

Artificial spin ice is a class of lithographically created arrays of interacting ferromagnetic
nanometre-scale islands. It was introduced to investigate many-body phenomena related to …

Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is
now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements …

Artificial spin ice comprises a class of frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain
ferromagnetic nanostructures. Previous studies of artificial spin ice have focused on simple …

Two-dimensional artificial spin-ice systems constructed from arrays of dipolar coupled
monodomain magnets offer an experimental route to study the physics of frustration and a …

Artificial spin ice systems have been proposed as a playground for the study of monopole-
like magnetic excitations,, similar to those observed in pyrochlore spin ice materials …

Materials with interacting magnetic degrees of freedom display a rich variety of magnetic
behaviour that can lead to novel collective equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium phenomena. In …

Arrays of suitably patterned and arranged magnetic elements may display artificial spin-ice
structures with topological defects in the magnetization, such as Dirac monopoles and Dirac …