The first cells were plausibly bounded by membranes assembled from fatty acids with at
least 8 carbons. Although the presence of fatty acids on the early Earth is widely assumed …

Abstract α‐Amino acids are essential molecular constituents of life, twenty of which are
privileged because they are encoded by the ribosomal machinery. The question remains …

Polyelectrolyte complex coacervates of homologous (co) polyelectrolytes with a near-ideally
random distribution of a charged and neutral ethylene oxide comonomer were synthesized …

Stable interfaces between immiscible solvents are crucial for chemical synthesis and
assembly, but interfaces between miscible solvents have been less explored. Here the …

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) provide imperative interfaces and compartments in
biology, but the sculpture and conversion of liquid structures to functional solids is …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of multivalent biopolymers is a ubiquitous process in
biological systems and is of importance in bio-mimetic soft matter design. The phase …

Soft materials are usually defined as materials made of mesoscopic entities, often self-
organised, sensitive to thermal fluctuations and to weak perturbations. Archetypal examples …

Coacervates, which are formed by liquid–liquid phase separation, have been extensively
explored as models for synthetic cells and membraneless organelles, so their in-depth …

Complex coacervation refers to the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) process occurring
between charged macromolecules. The study of complex coacervation is of great interest …

Liquid–liquid phase separation of polymer and protein solutions is central in many areas of
biology and material sciences. Here, an experimental and theoretical framework is provided …