To investigate the normative trajectory of self-esteem across the life span, this meta-analysis
synthesizes the available longitudinal data on mean-level change in self-esteem. The …

While there is some evidence for changes in personality traits, life satisfaction, and self-
esteem as a function of life events, effects have been small and inconsistent across studies …

We draw on genetics research to argue that complex psychological phenomena are most
likely determined by a multitude of causes and that any individual cause is likely to have …

Theorists have long assumed that people's self-esteem and social relationships influence
each other. However, the empirical evidence has been inconsistent, creating substantial …

Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a
prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical …

Objective Theory and research have emphasized the impact of life events on personality trait
change. In this article, we review prospective research on personality trait change in …

Highlights•Acculturation is an unfolding process of change arising from intercultural contact.•
Developmental and longitudinal approaches have examined acculturation as a …

The current article presents a theoretical framework of the short-and long-term processes
underlying personality development throughout adulthood. The newly developed TESSERA …

We examined the life-span development of self-esteem and tested whether self-esteem
influences the development of important life outcomes, including relationship satisfaction …

The last 2 decades have witnessed increased research on the role of life events in
personality trait development, but few findings appear to be robust. We propose that a key to …