Despite the growing literature on cybersecurity investment, significant gaps remain
unaddressed. First, the existing literature does not differentiate between cybersecurity …

Abstract Economies of scope are typically modelled and estimated using a cost function that
is common to all firms in an industry irrespective of their type, eg whether they specialize in a …

In recent years, England and Wales have suffered droughts. This unusual situation defies
the common belief that the British climate provides abundant water resources and has …

Improving the cost efficiency and quality of service across time corresponds to two important
targets for regulated water companies. Following a pioneering approach, we have evaluated …

The assessment of productivity change over time and its drivers is of great significance for
water companies and regulators when setting urban water tariffs. This issue is even more …

Efficiency assessment is a valuable tool for industries that are regulated, such as the
provision of drinking water. Hence, past research on this topic is wide. However, current …

Evaluating the performance and analyzing the cost drivers of water utilities is of great
interest for water regulators and water sector managers. This study uses a quadratic cost …

The academic literature provides excellent methodologies to identify best practices and to
calculate inefficiencies by stochastic frontier analysis. However, these methodologies are …

A competitive environment, highly concentrated processing and retailing sectors as well as
increasing decoupling of direct payments from production volumes and the area under …

The assessment of water companies' efficiency, productivity and quality of service is part of
the process to set water tariffs and therefore, is relevant for regulators and customers …