The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

The immune response consists of a finely-tuned program, the activation of which must be
coupled with inhibitory mechanisms whenever initiated. This ensures tight control of …

Representing the major cause of morbidity and mortality for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL) patients, immunosuppression is a common feature of the disease. Effectors of the …

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by substantial clinical heterogeneity,
despite relatively few genetic alterations. To provide a basis for studying epigenome …

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate many cellular processes and can therefore serve as
readouts of the signaling and regulatory state. Yet for many TFs, the mode of action …

Background Skin cancers are known for their strong immunogenicity, which may contribute
to a high treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). However, a considerable …

The expression levels of CTLA-4 and CD28 were analyzed in 191 nasopharyngeal
carcinoma (NPC) patients diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2010 and …

Upon antigen stimulation, quiescent naive T cells undergo a phase of cell mass
accumulation followed by cell cycle entry, clonal expansion, differentiation into functional …

Opinion statement Increasing understanding of the complex interaction between leukemic
and immune cells, which is responsible for tumor progression and immune evasion, has …

In the tumor microenvironment, the function of T cells is a fate-changer for tumor
progression. In the meantime, CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA …