Chromium (Cr) is an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. It has been
classified as a carcinogen agent according to the International Agency for Research on …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by metabolic pathways in almost all cells. As
signaling components, ROS are best known for their roles in abiotic and biotic stress-related …

Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2O2 1198 III.
H2O2 and O2·− toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2O2: enzymes and subcellular locations …

Pathogen recognition induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH
oxidases in both plants and animals. ROS have direct antimicrobial properties, but also …

Environmental contamination by hazardous environmental pollutants is a widespread and
increasingly serious problem confronting society, scientists, and regulators worldwide …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as second messengers in plant signaling pathways to
remodel plant growth and development. New insights into how enzymatic ROS-producing …

In flowering plants, pollen germinates on the stigma and pollen tubes grow through the style
to fertilize the ovules. Enzymatic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been …

Pollen tubes grow rapidly by very fast rates and reach extended lengths to bring about
fertilization during plant reproduction. The pollen tube grows exclusively at its tip …

It has become increasingly apparent that the extracellular matrix (ECM), which in plants
corresponds to the cell wall, can influence intracellular activities in ways that go far beyond …

NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs),
are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has …