Climate change is driving both higher mean temperatures and a greater likelihood of
heatwaves, which are becoming longer and more intense. Previous work has looked at …

Despite an extensive body of theoretical and empirical literature on biparental cooperation, it
is still unclear whether offspring fare equally, better or worse when receiving care by two …

Parental care is regulated by multiple endocrine mechanisms. Among these hormones,
prolactin (PRL) is involved in the expression of parental behaviors. Despite the consensus …

Highlights•We examined how parents resolve conflict over consumption of a shared
resource.•We manipulated the parents' body size to create variation in food …

In light of the increased frequency of heatwaves due to climate change, it is crucial to better
understand their potential effects on animal reproduction. Heat stress can affect all aspects …

How much to invest in parental care and by who remain puzzling questions fomented by a
sexual conflict between parents. Negotiation that facilitates coordinated parental behaviour …

In species where both sexes care for offspring, one parent—generally the female—typically
provides more care than the other. While current theory offers broad predictions on the …

Parental care is highly variable, reflecting that parents make flexible decisions in response
to variation in the cost of care to themselves and the benefit to their offspring. Much of the …

A maternal effect is a causal influence of the maternal phenotype on the offspring phenotype
over and above any direct effects of genes. There is abundant evidence that maternal effects …

The evolution of elaborate forms of parental care is an important topic in behavioral ecology,
yet the factors shaping the evolution of complex suites of parental and offspring traits are …