Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels comprise a small
subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the …

▪ Abstract Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed If, Ih, or Iq, were initially
discovered in heart and nerve cells over 20 years ago. These currents contribute to a wide …

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, insulin resistance,
impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is increasing. Development of …

Angiotensin II (Ang II), the biologically active component of renin-angiotensin system (RAS),
acts through two receptor subtypes, the AT1 and the AT2 receptor. All classic physiological …

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are important
members of the voltage-gated pore loop channels family. They show unique features: they …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the control of vasoconstriction as
well as sodium and fluid retention mediated mainly by angiotensin (Ang) II acting at the AT1 …

GY Oudit, Z. Kassiri, R. Sah, RJ Ramirez, C. Zobel and PH Backx. The Molecular Physiology
of the Cardiac Transient Outward Potassium Current (Ito) in Normal and Diseased …

Abstract Increased Na/Ca exchange (NCX) expression may be part of the genetic
reprogramming in cardiac remodeling. In this review we address the following questions:(1) …

The pacemaker current Ifis present in ventricular myocytes from the human failing heart
where it may contribute to arrhythmogenesis. The role of cardiac disease in the modulation …

Rationale: The hyperpolarization-activated current Ih that is generated by hyperpolarization-
activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCNs) plays a key role in the control of …