Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the
retina. Similar to brain microglia, retinal microglia are responsible for retinal surveillance …

Background Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease
characterized by selective destruction of myelin in the CNS neurons (including optic nerve) …

Background and Purpose: Urinary incontinence is a common symptom in people with
multiple sclerosis. The primary aim was to investigate feasibility of telerehabilitation-based …

Objectives To investigate the correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS),
erectile dysfunction (ED), and testosterone deficiency (TD) with depressive, stress, and …

Objective This systematic review evaluates and summarizes the effects of pelvic floor muscle
training on urinary incontinence and sexual function in people with multiple sclerosis. Data …

Background and purpose The validity, reliability, and longitudinal performance of the Patient‐
Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale is unknown in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central
nervous system that involves different neurological areas. In addition to lower urinary tract …

Objective: Most multiple sclerosis patients have urological complications such as lower
urinary tract symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of these …

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of existing nonsurgical interventions to improve or
cure urinary incontinence in older women. Methods Five English databases (Medline …

Background and objectives Little is known of the potential sex and age differences in the MS
prodrome. We investigated sex and age differences in healthcare utilization during the MS …