Nearly 50% of HIV-infected individuals suffer from some form of HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HIV-1 Tat (a key HIV t rans a ctivator of t ranscription) …

Approximately 37 million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). One highly significant complication of HIV infection is the development of HIV …

Bacterial meningitis remains a leading cause of infection-related mortality worldwide.
Although Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common etiology of neonatal meningitis, the …

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV),
represents the most important flaviviral neural infection in Europe and north-eastern Asia. In …

HIV-1 Tat is a major culprit for HIV/neuroAIDS. One of the consistent hallmarks of
HIV/neuroAIDS is reactive astrocytes or astrocytosis, characterized by increased cytoplasmic …

Background The proteome reflects the available cellular machinery to deal with nutrients
and environmental challenges. The most common E. coli strain BL21 growing in different …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (Tat) is a potent
mediator involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders …

HIV-1 Tat is an indispensible transactivator for HIV gene transcription and replication. It has
been shown to exit cells as a free protein and enter neighboring cells or interact with surface …

The persistence of chronic immune activation and oxidative stress in human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, antiretroviral drug-treated individuals are major …

HIV infection of astrocytes leads to restricted gene expression and replication but abundant
expression of HIV early genes Tat, Nef and Rev. A great deal of neuroHIV research has so …