In this review we give an overview about the current state-of-knowledge of the magnetic field
in sunspots from an observational point of view. We start by offering a brief description of …

Hinode is Japan's third solar mission following Hinotori (1981–1982) and Yohkoh (1991–
2001): it was launched on 2006 September 22 and is in operation currently. Hinode carries …

Results of a three-dimensional MHD simulation of a sunspot with a photospheric size of
about 20 Mm are presented. The simulation has been carried out with the MURaM code …

We interpret penumbral filaments as due to convection in field-free, radially aligned gaps
just below the visible surface of the penumbra, intruding into a nearly potential field above …

We review our current understanding of sunspots from the scales of their fine structure to
their large scale (global) structure including the processes of their formation and decay …

Context. The sunspot penumbra comprises numerous thin, radially elongated filaments that
are central for heat transport within the penumbra, but whose structure is still not clear. Aims …

While sunspots are easily observed at the solar surface, determining their subsurface
structure is not trivial. There are two main hypotheses for the subsurface structure of …

The small-scale structure of the Evershed effect is being studied using data obtained by the
Spectropolarimeter and the Broadband Filter Imager of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard …

We present numerical 2D magnetostatic models for sunspot penumbrae consisting of
radially aligned field-free gaps in a potential magnetic field, as proposed by Spruit & …

Context. Some models for the topology of the magnetic field in sunspot penumbrae predict
regions free of magnetic fields or with only dynamically weak fields in the deep photosphere …