Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived, non-peptidic, small lipophilic molecule that acts as
ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs), converting them from transcriptional repressors to …

Due to improved phenotyping and genetic characterization, the field of 'incurable'and
'blinding'inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) has moved substantially forward. Decades of …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes severe visual impairment due in part to
age-dependent impairment of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been suggested that …

Located between vessels of the choriocapillaris and light-sensitive outer segments of the
photoreceptors, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) closely interacts with photoreceptors in …

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) constitute a simple layer of cuboidal cells that are
strategically situated behind the photoreceptor (PR) cells. The inconspicuousness of this …

Müller glial cells span the entire thickness of the tissue, and ensheath all retinal neurons, in
vertebrate retinae of all species. This morphological relationship is reflected by a multitude …

Müller cells are active players in normal retinal function and in virtually all forms of retinal
injury and disease. Reactive Müller cells protect the tissue from further damage and …

During the last two to three decades, a large body of work has revealed the molecular basis
of many human disorders, including retinal and vitreoretinal degenerations and …

Mutation of RPE65 can cause severe blindness from birth or early childhood, and RPE65
protein is associated with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) vitamin A metabolism. Here, we …

Vertebrate photoreceptor cells are the basic sensory apparatus of the retina, capable of
converting the energy of absorbed photons into neuronal signals. The proximal portions of …