Reliability measures a structure's acceptable or unacceptable performance over its service
life. To achieve optimal efficiency, a threshold level must be defined. If reliability is lower …

One of the feasible solutions for the solid waste management problem is to use recycled
plastic waste as a replacement for natural aggregates in construction applications, which …

With the aim of performance-based design of building structures, nonlinear response history
analysis (NRHA) procedures are required to reliably obtain the realistic responses of the …

Tunnels are one of the most important constructions in civil engineering. The damage to
these structures caused enormous costs. Therefore, the safe and economic design of these …

While the existing structures, even recently constructed ones are subjected to the critical
earthquakes, the catastrophic devastations are expected to occur. Therefore, at least for …

In earthquake engineering problems, uncertainty exists not only in the seismic excitations
but also in the structure's parameters. This study investigates the influence of structural …

The building design codes and standards in many countries usually are either fully or
partially adopted from the international codes. However, regional conditions like the quality …

Scoliosis is a spine irregular deviation, which known an idiopathic ailment among children
and adolescents. Indeed, applying loads on the human spine and the capacity of the …