Water contamination is a growing environmental issue. Several harmful effects on human
health and the environment are attributed to nitrogen contamination of water sources …

In the Anthropocene, nitrogen pollution is becoming an increasing challenge for both
mankind and the Earth system. Microbial nitrogen cycling begins with aerobic nitrification …

Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) normally depends on the microbial cell
density and microbial population structure. A nitrifying-enriched activated sludge (NAS) was …

The interaction of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is
of considerable importance in nitrification process. Ecophysiological interactions between …

Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox is a promising and feasible
technology to make sewage treatment energy-neutral or energy-positive. Good retention of …

Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND) is an advantageous bioprocess that allows
the complete removal of ammonia nitrogen through sequential redox reactions leading to …

Highlights•Biological nitrogen removal and recovery approaches are reviewed.•Anammox
saves energy in side-stream treatment and is progressing toward mainstream.•Phototrophic …

Slaughterhouse industry generates considerable amount of wastewater rich in proteins,
lipids, fibres, and carbohydrates. Numerous technologies such as electrocoagulation …

Partial nitrification has gained broad interests in the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from
wastewater, since it alleviates carbon limitation issues and acts as a shortcut nitrogen …

Innovative and cost-effective technologies for advanced nutrient removal from surface water
are urgently needed for improving water quality. Conventional biotechnologies, such as …