We commonly refer to state estimation theory in geosciences as data assimilation (DA). This
term encompasses the entire sequence of operations that, starting from the observations of a …

Variational and ensemble methods have been developed separately by various research
and development groups and each brings its own benefits to data assimilation. In the last …

This open-access textbook's significant contribution is the unified derivation of data-
assimilation techniques from a common fundamental and optimal starting point, namely …

Climate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in
processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But …

Data assimilation (DA) methods for convective‐scale numerical weather prediction at
operational centres are surveyed. The operational methods include variational methods (3D …

A central research challenge for the mathematical sciences in the twenty-first century is the
development of principled methodologies for the seamless integration of (often vast) data …

Abstract The Modern Era Reanalysis (ModE-RA) is a global monthly paleo-reanalysis
covering the period between 1421 and 2008. To reconstruct past climate fields an offline …

It is in the previous chapters stated that the EnKF analysis scheme may have problems in
cases where the number of measurements is larger than the number of members in the …

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of
the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and its numerical implementation. The EnKF has a large …

Operational medium range flood forecasting systems are increasingly moving towards the
adoption of ensembles of numerical weather predictions (NWP), known as ensemble …