Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding
tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and …

Tumors are characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, remodeling, and cross-
linking that drive fibrosis to stiffen the stroma and promote malignancy. The stiffened stroma …

Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They
survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell …

Cancer tissues are composed of cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells (eg,
fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells), in addition to the extracellular …

There is much cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor epithelia
and stromal cells co-evolve, and this reciprocal relationship dictates almost every step of …

Cancer immunotherapy is quickly growing to be the fourth most important cancer therapy,
after surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is the most promising …

Tumours are known as wounds that do not heal—this implies that cells that are involved in
angiogenesis and the response to injury, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts, have a …

Much interest is currently focused on the emerging role of tumor-stroma interactions
essential for supporting tumor progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) …

Fibroblasts often constitute the majority of the stromal cells within a breast carcinoma, yet the
functional contributions of these cells to tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Using a …

Maintenance of both normal epithelial tissues and their malignant counterparts is supported
by the host tissue stroma. The tumor stroma mainly consists of the basement membrane …