With advanced digitalisation, we can observe a massive increase of user-generated content
on the web that provides opinions of people on different subjects. Sentiment analysis is the …

Fake online reviews in e-commerce significantly affect online consumers, merchants, and,
as a result, market efficiency. Despite scholarly efforts to examine fake reviews, there still …

Opinion mining is considered as a subfield of natural language processing, information
retrieval and text mining. Opinion mining is the process of extracting human thoughts and …

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are emergent tools for fake review
detection. This study provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications in fake review …

Fake consumer review detection has attracted much interest in recent years owing to the
increasing number of Internet purchases. Existing approaches to detect fake consumer …

Majority of customers and manufacturers who tend to purchase and trade via e-commerce
websites primarily rely on reviews before making purchasing decisions and product …

Sentiment analysis has applications in diverse contexts such as in the gathering and
analysis of opinions of individuals about various products, issues, social, and political …

The increasing popularity of online review systems motivates malevolent intent in competing
sellers and service providers to manipulate consumers by fabricating product/service …

Internet-based information circulation has given rise to the proliferation of fake and
misleading contents, which has extreme hostile effects on individuals and humanity …

Opinion spam detection is concerned with identifying fake reviews that are deliberately
placed to either promote or discredit a product. Opinionated social media like product …