Bioremediation is an inventive and optimistic technology which is applicable for the retrieval
and reduction of heavy metals in water and polluted lands. Microorganism plays an …

Heavy metals are natural constituents of the environment, but indiscriminate use for human
purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance. This results in …

Phytoremediation is the use of plants to extract, immobilize, contain and/or degrade
contaminants from soil, water or air. It can be an effective strategy for on site and/or in situ …

Purpose Many agricultural and brownfield soils are polluted and more have become
marginalised due to the introduction of new, risk-based legislation. The European …

Abstract Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are risk management strategies or techniques
for contaminated sites that result in no gross reduction in soil functionality (or a net gain) as …

Gentle remediation options (GROs) are risk management strategies or technologies
involving plant (phyto-), fungi (myco-), and/or bacteria-based methods that result in a net …

Phytoremediation has been increasingly used as a more sustainable approach for the
remediation of contaminated sites. The costs associated with this remediation method are …

The remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils has remained a challenging
issue for environmental scientists and engineers. Within the scope of bioremediation; …

The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method provides for a comprehensive and
transparent basis for performing sustainability assessments. Development of a relevant …

The chemical stabilization, or immobilization, of trace elements (metals and metalloids; TE)
in contaminated soil has been studied for decades. A vast number of scientific publications …