In the last decade, the automotive industry has undergone a paradigm shift towards
electrification. Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular, but so far, they have …

The continuous technical improvements involving electric motors, battery packs, and general
powertrain equipment make it strictly necessary to predict or evaluate the energy …

The over-actuated characteristics of distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs) provide a
flexible platform to pursue higher holistic performance. This article proposes a dual-model …

In an electric vehicle (EV), a two-motor and two-speed powertrain system is superior to other
powertrain systems in terms of the driving requirements, achieving an excellent dynamic …

The direct yaw moment control system of distributed drive electric vehicles provides a
flexible control scheme to enhance the vehicle stability through four independently driven in …

Multi-speed transmissions for electric vehicles (EVs) can better improve EV efficiency and
performance in comparison with conventional single-speed transmissions. To achieve a …

In the development of electric vehicles, multi-speed transmissions have become an
alternative to conventional single-speed transmissions. The superior design of multi-speed …

Four-wheel independently actuated electric vehicles (FWIA EVs) allow variable distributions
of driving torques among individual wheels to improve vehicle performance. To reduce …

Many studies have been conducted on various powertrain systems, such as multi-motor,
multi-speed, or both, to enhance the energy efficiency and dynamic performance of electric …

The two-speed automatic transmission can adjust the drive motor speed of electric vehicles
and expand their output torque range. This study proposes a rule-based partitioned gear …