Abstract The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of ESA was launched on 14 April 2023
and will arrive at Jupiter and its moons in July 2031. In this review article, we describe how …

The characterization of exoplanets and their birth protoplanetary disks has enormously
advanced in the last decade. Benefitting from that, our global understanding of the planet …

During their formation, planets form large, hot atmospheres due to the ongoing accretion of
solids. It has been customary to assume that all solids end up at the center, constituting a …

Context. In the core accretion scenario of planet formation, rocky cores grow by first
accreting solids until they are massive enough to accrete gas. For giant planet formation, this …

We conduct a pebble-driven planet population synthesis study to investigate the formation of
planets around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the (sub) stellar mass range …

We carried out 3D dust+ gas radiative hydrodynamic simulations of forming planets. We
investigated a parameter grid of a Neptune-mass, a Saturn-mass, a Jupiter-mass, and a five …

Context. The large icy moons of Jupiter formed in a circumplanetary disk (CPD). CPDs are
fed by vertically infalling circumstellar gas and dust which may be shock-heated upon …

Context. In the core accretion scenario of giant planet formation, a massive core forms first
and then accretes a gaseous envelope. In the discussion of how this core forms, some …

The four major satellites of Jupiter, known as the Galilean moons, and Saturn's most
massive satellite, Titan, are believed to have formed in a predominantly gaseous circum …

Circumplanetary discs (CPDs) that form around young gas giants are thought to be the sites
of moon formation as well as an intermediate reservoir of gas that feeds the growth of the …