Growth factors and mitogens use the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade to transmit
signals from their receptors to regulate gene expression and prevent apoptosis. Some …

Although patients with advanced refractory solid tumors have poor prognosis, the clinical
development of targeted protein kinase inhibitors offers hope for the future treatment of many …

Abstract The PI3K/Akt signal transduction cascade has been investigated extensively for its
roles in oncogenic transformation. Initial studies implicated both PI3K and Akt in prevention …

The Ras/Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-
regulated kinase) pathway is at the heart of signalling networks that govern proliferation …

The roles of the JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathways and
the BCR-ABL oncoprotein in leukemogenesis and their importance in the regulation of cell …

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling cascades play critical roles in the
transmission of signals from growth factor receptors to regulate gene expression and …

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a quantitatively minor membrane phospholipid that is
synthesized by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In this review we focus on genes and …

Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are two aminophospholipids
whose metabolism is inter-related. Both phospholipids are components of mammalian cell …

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), activated by its ligands, protects
several cell types from a variety of apoptotic injuries. The main signaling pathway for IGF-1R …

Abstract The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway regulates cell cycle
progression and apoptosis in diverse types of cells. Mutations in this pathway are often …