Brain connectivity can be modeled and quantified with a large number of techniques. The
main objective of this paper is to present the most modern and widely established …

Interactions between functionally specialized brain regions are crucial for normal brain
function. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) are …

Independent component analysis is a probabilistic method for learning a linear transform of
a random vector. The goal is to find components that are maximally independent and non …

The frequency tuning of a system can be directly determined by perturbing it and by
observing the rate of the ensuing oscillations, the so called natural frequency. This approach …

The brain consists of functional units with more-or-less specific information processing
capabilities, yet cognitive functions require the co-ordinated activity of these spatially …

Recent research has reached a consensus on the feasibility of motor imagery brain-
computer interface (MI-BCI) for different applications, especially in stroke rehabilitation. Most …

Abstract Analysis of causal effects between continuous-valued variables typically uses either
autoregressive models or structural equation models with instantaneous effects. Estimation …

Information flow between brain areas is difficult to estimate from EEG measurements due to
the presence of noise as well as due to volume conduction. We here test the ability of …

Synchronization of neural activity is considered essential for information processing in the
nervous system. Both local and inter-regional synchronization are omnipresent in different …

Many different analysis techniques have been developed and applied to EEG recordings
that allow one to investigate how different brain areas interact. One particular class of …