Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least
several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and …

This review examines how the sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the
regulation of cardiovascular function over multiple time scales. This is achieved through …

Disturbances in cardiovascular neural regulation, influencing both disease course and
survival, progress as heart failure worsens. Heart failure due to left ventricular systolic …

Cardiovascular autonomic imbalance, a cardinal phenotype of human heart failure, has
adverse implications for symptoms during wakefulness and sleep; for cardiac, renal, and …

The world wide prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is escalating. Contrary to
earlier experimental evidence, human obesity is characterised by sympathetic nervous …

The cardiorespiratory system exhibits oscillations from a range of sources. One of the most
studied oscillations is heart rate variability, which is thought to be beneficial and can serve …

The enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributes to the exaggerated
sympathoexcitation in chronic heart failure (CHF). Increased sympathoexcitation is positively …

Over the past several decades, studies of the sympathetic nervous system in humans,
sheep, rabbits, rats, and mice have substantially increased mechanistic understanding of …

Sympathetic nervous system responses typically are regionally differentiated, with activation
in one outflow sometimes accompanying no change or sympathetic inhibition in another …

Autonomic cardiac neurons have a common origin in the neural crest but undergo distinct
developmental differentiation as they mature toward their adult phenotype. Progenitor cells …