A defining property of retroviruses is their ability to assemble into particles that can leave
producer cells and spread infection to susceptible cells and hosts. Virion morphogenesis …

The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of
HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells …

The HIV genome encodes a small number of viral proteins (ie, 16), invariably establishing
cooperative associations among HIV proteins and between HIV and host proteins, to invade …

Paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) is a mammalian gene that is essential for embryonic
development in mice. The gene contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and …

With effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are emerging as a
major cause of morbidity and death in the aging HIV-infected population. To address …

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) is a class of RNA molecules that are more than
200bp but cannot be translated into proteins. More and more studies have proved that …

The HIV-1 integrase enzyme (IN) plays a critical role in the viral life cycle by integrating the
reverse-transcribed viral DNA into the host chromosome. This function of IN has been well …

The number of HIV-1 positive individuals developing some form of HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is increasing. In these individuals, the integrity of the blood …

Retroviral DNA integration into the host cell genome is an essential feature of the retroviral
life cycle. The ability to integrate their DNA into the DNA of infected cells also makes …

Reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) are two essential enzymes that play a critical
role in synthesis and integration of the retroviral cDNA, respectively. For human …